- USB
Testo
Testo 174T
- Range
- -30 to +70°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- USB-C, PDF/Excel
- Use
- Reusable
₹4,500 – ₹7,000indicative
USB, Wireless & GPS Data Loggers · Pharma & Cold Chain
Temperature Data Loggers in India: Prices and Specs by Model
Find the right temperature data logger for pharma, vaccines, food and cold chain in India. Explore USB data loggers, wireless temperature monitoring systems, GPS temperature trackers, single-use loggers and temperature and humidity data loggers from Testo, Elitech, Tempmate, Tempnote, LogTag and more. See full specifications, accuracy, range and indicative data logger prices in INR for 2–8°C, -20°C and -80°C applications, including 21 CFR Part 11 and EN 12830 compliant models. Get the best price and expert advice on the right logger for your cold room, warehouse, lab or shipments. Temperature data loggers are also called temperature recorders, temp loggers or temperature monitoring devices, and most models sold in India create an automatic PDF report you can file for audits. Compare data loggers from Indian manufacturers and global brands, including USB, wireless, GPS and temperature humidity loggers.
USB · Wireless · GPS · Humidity · Validation
What Is a Temperature Data Logger and How Does It Work?
A temperature data logger is a compact electronic device that automatically measures and records temperature at set intervals, such as every 1, 5 or 15 minutes, and stores the readings in its internal memory. Many models are temperature and humidity data loggers that record relative humidity too, and some add GPS location, shock or light sensing.
Recorded data can be viewed in two ways. A USB data logger generates a PDF or CSV report when plugged into a computer. A wireless temperature data logger sends readings in real time over Wi‑Fi, 4G or LoRa to a cloud dashboard or mobile app, and triggers SMS or email alerts the moment temperature goes out of range.
Temperature data loggers are essential across the cold chain in India: pharmaceutical warehouses, vaccine storage at 2–8°C, -20°C and -80°C freezers, cold rooms, laboratories, food and dairy processing, and refrigerated transport.
For regulated industries, a data logger is more than a thermometer. It provides a continuous, time-stamped temperature record that proves products were stored and shipped within the required range. That record supports GMP and GDP compliance, audits, and quality release decisions, which is why many pharma companies need 21 CFR Part 11 compliant data logging.
USB Data Loggers
USB temperature data loggers record temperature automatically and generate a PDF or CSV report the moment you plug them into a computer, with no software needed on most models. They're the most widely used data loggers in India for pharma storage rooms, vaccine refrigerators, freezers, cold rooms and shipments where real-time alerts aren't required. Typical accuracy is ±0.5°C, with memory for 16,000 to 1 million readings. When choosing a USB data logger, check the temperature range, accuracy, battery life, auto-PDF reporting, and EN 12830 or 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for regulated use.
- USB
- Temp + humidity
Testo
Testo 174H
- Range
- -20 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- USB (via interface)
- Use
- Reusable
₹7,000 – ₹11,000indicative
- USB
Testo
Testo 175 T1
- Range
- -35 to +55°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.4°C
- Connectivity
- USB / SD
- Use
- Reusable
₹9,000 – ₹14,000indicative
Wireless Data Loggers
Wireless temperature data loggers send readings continuously over Wi‑Fi, 4G, LoRa or Bluetooth to a cloud dashboard or mobile app, and raise instant SMS, email or app alerts when a cold room, freezer, incubator or warehouse goes out of range. They're ideal for 24/7 remote temperature monitoring in pharma plants, hospitals, blood banks, labs and warehouses without manual downloads. Key factors are network coverage at your site, alarm escalation, data backup during network outages, calibration certificates, and 21 CFR Part 11 audit trails.
- Wireless
- Multi-point
- Temp + humidity
Mindlabs
Mindlabs Anchor
- Range
- -30 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH (probe: -200 to +200°C)
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- 4G CAT-1 + 2G, Wi‑Fi, Mindlabs Cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹20,000 – ₹24,999
- Wireless
- Temp + humidity
- Server room
Testo
Testo 160 TH
- Range
- -10 to +50°C, 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±2 %RH
- Connectivity
- Wi‑Fi, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹12,000 – ₹18,000indicative
- Wireless
- Probe
Testo
Testo Saveris 2-T3
- Range
- -195 to +1350°C (2 TC probes)
- Accuracy
- ±(0.5°C + 0.5% of mv)
- Connectivity
- Wi‑Fi, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹14,000 – ₹22,000indicative
Single-Use and Reusable Loggers
Single-use temperature data loggers travel with a shipment and aren't returned, making them a low-cost choice for one-way pharma exports, vaccine distribution and perishable food shipments. The receiver simply plugs in the logger to get a PDF report. Reusable data loggers are recovered, downloaded and redeployed, reducing cost per trip on repeated routes and in fixed storage. When deciding, weigh cost per shipment, logging duration, report format and whether the consignee can read data without installing software.
- USB
- Single-use
Mindlabs
Mindlabs Lite Plus
- Range
- -30 to +60°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- USB, auto PDF/CSV report
- Use
- Single-use
Starting at ₹1,599
- Single-use
- USB
Tempmate
Tempmate S1 V2
- Range
- -30 to +70°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- USB, PDF/CSV
- Use
- Single-use
₹900 – ₹1,500indicative
- USB
- Single-use
Tempnote
Tempnote T32SU
- Range
- -30 to +70°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- USB, PDF/CSV
- Use
- Single-use
₹1,200 – ₹2,000indicative
GPS Data Loggers
GPS temperature data loggers combine temperature, and often humidity, monitoring with live location tracking over 4G or 2G cellular networks. They let you see where a shipment is and act on a temperature excursion while goods are still on the road, in the air or at sea. They're used for reefer trucks, air cargo, containers, and high-value pharma and vaccine shipments. Check battery life, network coverage on your routes, geofence and tamper alerts, and airline approval for air freight.
- In-transit / GPS
- Wireless
- Temp + humidity
Mindlabs
Mindlabs Go
- Range
- -30 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH (probe: -200 to +200°C)
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- 4G/2G + Wi‑Fi, GPS live location, Mindlabs Cloud
- Use
- Reusable
Starting at ₹12,499
- In-transit / GPS
- Wireless
Tempmate
Tempmate GEO II
- Range
- -20 to +60°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- Cellular + GPS
- Use
- Single-use or reusable
₹6,000 – ₹12,000indicative
- In-transit / GPS
- Wireless
- Temp + humidity
Frigga
Frigga T70 Pro
- Range
- -30 to +70°C, 5–95 %RH, 120-day runtime
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- 4G/5G cellular, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹8,000 – ₹14,000indicative
Humidity Data Loggers
Temperature and humidity data loggers record relative humidity (%RH) alongside temperature. They're essential wherever moisture affects product quality: pharmaceutical warehouses, stability chambers, cleanrooms, hospitals, archives, electronics and food storage. Typical accuracy is ±0.5°C and ±2–3 %RH. Options include USB, wireless and display models. When choosing a humidity data logger, check calibration for both temperature and humidity, sensor stability over time, display and alarm options, and compliance with GMP and GDP requirements.
- Temp + humidity
Testo
Testo 175 H1
- Range
- -20 to +55°C, 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- ±0.4°C, ±2 %RH
- Connectivity
- USB / SD
- Use
- Reusable
₹16,000 – ₹24,000indicative
- Temp + humidity
Testo
Testo 184 G1
- Range
- -20 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH, shock
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- USB, auto PDF
- Use
- Reusable
₹18,000 – ₹26,000indicative
- USB
- Temp + humidity
Tempmate
Tempmate M2
- Range
- -30 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- ±0.3°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- USB, PDF/CSV
- Use
- Reusable
₹5,000 – ₹7,500indicative
Temperature Mapping Loggers
Validation data loggers deliver high accuracy, often ±0.1°C or better, for thermal validation, temperature mapping and qualification of warehouses, cold rooms, freezers, autoclaves, incubators and stability chambers. A temperature mapping study places multiple loggers across a space to identify hot and cold spots before it's qualified for pharma storage. Look for traceable NABL or ISO 17025 calibration certificates, measurement accuracy, short logging intervals, and validation reports that support regulatory audits.
- USB
- Temp + humidity
- Validation
Mindlabs
Mindlabs Nova
- Range
- -30 to +70°C, 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C, ±3 %RH
- Connectivity
- USB-C, auto PDF/CSV report
- Use
- Reusable
Starting at ₹7,499
- Validation
- Probe
Ellab
Ellab TrackSense Pro
- Range
- -200 to +400°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.05°C
- Connectivity
- Wireless validation
- Use
- Reusable
₹80,000 – ₹1,50,000indicative
- Validation
- Probe
Kaye
Kaye ValProbe RT
- Range
- -85 to +140°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.1°C
- Connectivity
- Wireless RF
- Use
- Reusable
₹90,000 – ₹1,80,000indicative
Probe Data Loggers
Probe-based data loggers use external thermocouple, Pt100 (RTD) or thermistor probes to measure temperature where the logger itself can't be placed: inside -80°C ultra-low freezers, dry ice and liquid nitrogen shipments, product cores, liquids, ovens and process equipment. The probe type determines the range, from cryogenic -200°C to over +1000°C for thermocouples. When choosing, check the probe's range and accuracy, cable length, waterproofing, and whether probes are fixed or interchangeable.
- Probe
- Multi-point
Testo
Testo 176 T4
- Range
- -200 to +1000°C (4 thermocouple)
- Accuracy
- ±0.3°C
- Connectivity
- USB / SD
- Use
- Reusable
₹35,000 – ₹50,000indicative
- Probe
- USB
Tempnote
Tempnote DI-100
- Range
- -100 to +100°C (probe)
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- USB, PDF/CSV
- Use
- Reusable
₹9,500 – ₹11,000indicative
- Wireless
- Probe
Ideabytes
Ideabytes IBI-WT350
- Range
- -200 to +350°C
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C (-10 to +50°C)
- Connectivity
- Wi‑Fi, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹12,000 – ₹20,000indicative
Multi-Point Monitoring
Multi-point temperature monitoring systems connect many sensors or channels to one platform, so you can monitor every freezer, cold room, warehouse zone, or several sites from a single dashboard with central alarms and automated reports. They're widely used by pharma manufacturers, hospitals, blood banks, research labs and large cold storage warehouses. Key factors are the number of channels, supported sensor types (temperature, humidity, differential pressure), scalability, alarm escalation, and 21 CFR Part 11 compliant reporting.
- Multi-point
- Probe
- Wireless
Ideabytes
Ideabytes IBI-MTR8
- Range
- -200 to +550°C, 8 × PT100 channels
- Accuracy
- 0.5°C (0.05% FS)
- Connectivity
- 4G M2M, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹40,000 – ₹70,000indicative
- Wireless
- Temp + humidity
- Multi-point
Vaisala
Vaisala RFL100
- Range
- -196 to +150°C (probe), 0–100 %RH
- Accuracy
- Probe-dependent
- Connectivity
- Wireless (VaiNet), viewLinc
- Use
- Reusable
₹35,000 – ₹60,000indicative
- Wireless
- Probe
- Multi-point
Elitech
Elitech RCW-2000
- Range
- -30 to +65°C, 10–100 %RH (RCW-2100 sensors)
- Accuracy
- ±0.5°C
- Connectivity
- GPRS / Wi‑Fi, cloud
- Use
- Reusable
₹9,000 – ₹15,000indicative
Temperature Data Logger Price List in India (2026)
Indicative prices for the most-searched temperature data loggers in India. Open any model for full specs or a current quote.
| Model | Type | Range | Indicative price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindlabs Lite Plus | Single-use, USB | -30 to +60°C | ₹1,599 |
| Mindlabs Nova | USB, temp + humidity | -30 to +70°C | ₹7,499 |
| Tempnote DI-100 | Probe, USB | -100 to +100°C | ₹9,500 – ₹11,000 |
| Tempnote T32 | USB, reusable | -30 to +70°C | ₹2,500 – ₹4,000 |
| Tempnote TH32 | USB, temp + humidity | -30 to +70°C | ₹3,000 – ₹4,000 |
| Tempnote T32SU | USB, single-use | -30 to +70°C | ₹1,200 – ₹2,000 |
| Tempnote Lite V2.0 | Single-use | -30 to +70°C | ₹700 – ₹1,200 |
| Tempmate S1 V2 | Single-use, USB | -30 to +70°C | ₹900 – ₹1,500 |
| Tempmate M1 | USB, reusable | -30 to +70°C | ₹2,500 – ₹3,500 |
| Tempod 100X | Probe, dry ice | -100 to +70°C | ₹6,000 – ₹9,500 |
| Tempod 200X | Probe, cryogenic | -200 to +70°C | ₹9,000 – ₹14,000 |
| Tempod 90S | Single-use, probe | -90 to +70°C | ₹2,000 – ₹3,500 |
| Elitech RC-5+ | USB, reusable | -30 to +70°C | ₹1,500 – ₹2,500 |
| Elitech RC-4HC | USB, temp + humidity | -30 to +60°C | ₹2,500 – ₹4,000 |
| Testo 174T | USB, reusable | -30 to +70°C | ₹4,500 – ₹7,000 |
| Testo 174H | USB, temp + humidity | -20 to +70°C | ₹7,000 – ₹11,000 |
| Sensitech TempTale Ultra | Single-use, USB | -30 to +70°C | ₹2,500 – ₹4,500 |
| LogTag TRIX-8 | Reusable | -40 to +85°C | ₹2,500 – ₹4,000 |
| Lascar EL-USB-1 | USB, reusable | -35 to +80°C | ₹3,000 – ₹5,000 |
| TempU TempU02 | Single-use, USB | -30 to +70°C | ₹500 – ₹650 |
Prices are indicative, checked October 2026, and vary by supplier, quantity and calibration certificate.
Popular Temperature Data Logger Models in India
These are some of the most searched temperature data loggers in India, used across pharma, vaccine storage, food and cold chain logistics. Open any model to see its full specifications, temperature range, accuracy, connectivity and indicative price, or get the best quote.
Temperature Data Logger Manufacturers and Brands in India
Explore temperature data loggers by manufacturer. Each brand page lists its models with full specifications, temperature ranges, connectivity options and indicative INR prices, so you can find the right logger for your application.
Mindlabs data loggers
- Temp + humidity
- USB
- Wireless
Elitech data loggers
- USB
- Probe
- Temp + humidity
Testo data loggers
- USB
- Temp + humidity
- Probe
Ideabytes data loggers
- Wireless
- Temp + humidity
- Probe
Frigga data loggers
- Wireless
- In-transit / GPS
- USB
LogTag data loggers
- USB
- Temp + humidity
- Probe
Onset HOBO data loggers
- Temp + humidity
- Wireless
- USB
Tempnote data loggers
- USB
- Single-use
- Temp + humidity
More brands
- G-Tek data loggers 6Made in India
- TempU data loggers 6
- Tzone data loggers 6
- Lascar data loggers 5
- Tempmate data loggers 4
- Dickson data loggers 3
- ELPRO data loggers 3
- Sensitech data loggers 3
- Tempod data loggers 3
- Tsure data loggers 3
- Vaisala data loggers 3
- Berlinger data loggers 2
- Ellab data loggers 2
- Kaye data loggers 2
- Metravi data loggers 2Made in India
- Rotronic data loggers 2
- Controlant data loggers 1
- Copeland data loggers 1
- HTC data loggers 1
- Mextech data loggers 1
- Monnit data loggers 1
- TempSen data loggers 1
How to Choose the Right Temperature Data Logger
The right temperature data logger depends on what you're monitoring, where it's stored or shipped, and which regulations apply. Use these factors to narrow down your options.
Temperature range
Match the data logger to your storage condition: ambient (15–25°C), refrigerated 2–8°C for most vaccines and medicines, frozen -20°C, ultra-low -80°C, or cryogenic below -150°C. For -80°C freezers, dry ice and liquid nitrogen, choose a probe-based data logger, since the logger body can't sit inside at those temperatures.
Accuracy and resolution
Most pharma and cold chain applications need a temperature data logger with ±0.5°C accuracy or better. Validation and temperature mapping studies often require ±0.1°C. Resolution (usually 0.1°C) is how finely readings are displayed, and it isn't the same as accuracy, so check both on the datasheet.
Connectivity: USB, wireless or GPS
USB data loggers are affordable and simple, but data is only available after download. Wireless temperature data loggers give real-time alerts for cold rooms, freezers and warehouses. GPS temperature data loggers add live location for shipments in transit by road, air or sea.
Single-use or reusable
Single-use data loggers suit one-way pharma exports and food shipments where recovering the device isn't practical. Reusable data loggers cost more upfront but less per trip on repeated routes and in fixed storage locations.
Humidity monitoring
If moisture affects your product, as in pharma warehouses, stability chambers, cleanrooms and food storage, choose a temperature and humidity data logger. Typical humidity accuracy is ±2–3 %RH.
Compliance and calibration
For regulated products, check for 21 CFR Part 11 (electronic records and audit trails), EN 12830 (temperature recorders for food and cold chain), WHO PQS (vaccine cold chain), and a traceable NABL or ISO 17025 calibration certificate. Plan recalibration at least once a year.
Memory, battery life and reports
Estimate how many readings you need: logging every 5 minutes for 30 days is about 8,640 readings. Check that battery life covers your monitoring period or trip length, and that the data logger generates PDF or CSV reports automatically.
Number of monitoring points
For a single fridge or shipment, one data logger is enough. For many freezers, cold rooms or several sites, a multi-point temperature monitoring system with a central dashboard and alarm escalation is easier to manage.
Budget and total cost
Look beyond the device price. Include software or cloud subscriptions, calibration certificates, replacement batteries and probes, and for single-use loggers, the cost per shipment.
Temperature Data Loggers by Industry
Different industries have different temperature monitoring needs and regulations. Here's how data loggers are used across India's pharma, healthcare, food and logistics sectors.
Pharmaceuticals
Pharma manufacturers, distributors and warehouses use temperature data loggers to maintain GMP and GDP compliance, monitor storage areas and document shipment conditions. Pharma data loggers typically need ±0.5°C accuracy, traceable calibration certificates, real-time alarms and 21 CFR Part 11 compliant audit trails for regulatory inspections.
Vaccines and biologics
Vaccines, insulin and biologics are highly sensitive to temperature excursions and usually require 2–8°C storage, with some needing -20°C or -80°C. Vaccine data loggers with continuous monitoring, instant alerts and WHO PQS or equivalent certification help protect potency across the vaccine cold chain, from manufacturer to clinic.
Hospitals, blood banks and pharmacies
Hospitals, blood banks and retail pharmacies monitor medicine refrigerators, blood storage units, plasma freezers and drug stores. Centralised temperature monitoring systems with SMS alerts reduce manual logging and help meet NABH and drug storage requirements.
Food and dairy
Food processors, dairies, cold storages and restaurants use data loggers to keep perishable products safe, meet FSSAI and HACCP requirements, and monitor refrigerated trucks and cold rooms. EN 12830 certified temperature recorders are common for food transport and storage.
Laboratories and research
Research, clinical and testing labs monitor ultra-low freezers, incubators, reagent refrigerators, stability chambers and sample storage. High-accuracy probe data loggers for -80°C freezers and temperature and humidity loggers for controlled environments are widely used.
Warehouses and cold rooms
Pharma warehouses and cold storage facilities use multi-point wireless temperature monitoring systems to watch many zones at once, with central alarms and automated reports. Temperature mapping with validation data loggers identifies hot and cold spots before a warehouse or cold room is qualified.
Transport and logistics
Logistics providers use single-use, reusable and GPS temperature data loggers to track conditions across road, air and sea shipments. Real-time GPS temperature data loggers let teams respond to excursions in transit, while USB loggers provide proof of temperature on delivery.
Temperature Data Logger Price in India
Temperature data logger prices in India vary with type, accuracy, connectivity, certification and brand. Here's a guide to typical indicative prices by type, based on the models listed on this site.
| Data logger type | Indicative price range (INR) |
|---|---|
| Single-use temperature data logger | ₹600 – ₹4,200 per unit |
| USB temperature data logger | ₹1,200 – ₹4,200 |
| Temperature and humidity data logger | ₹2,500 – ₹50,000 |
| Wireless temperature data logger | ₹3,500 – ₹55,000 |
| GPS temperature data logger | ₹1,500 – ₹26,000 |
| Probe-based data logger | ₹1,800 – ₹30,000 |
| Validation and temperature mapping logger | ₹7,500 – ₹1,50,000 |
| Multi-point monitoring system | ₹6,000 – ₹1,50,000 |
Prices are indicative and may vary by supplier, configuration and quantity.
Temperature Monitoring Guides
Practical guides on mapping, calibration and cold chain monitoring.
Mapping and validation
Temperature Mapping Study: A Step-by-Step Guide
How to plan, run and report a temperature mapping study for warehouses, cold rooms, freezers and fridges.
Calibration
Temperature Data Logger Calibration in India: NABL Guide
How often to calibrate, what NABL traceability means, and what a valid calibration certificate must show.
Monitoring
Cold Room Temperature Monitoring: Complete Guide
Temperature ranges, sensor placement, alarms, defrost cycles and choosing the right monitoring system.
Frequently Asked Questions About Temperature Data Loggers
What is a temperature data logger used for?
A temperature data logger automatically records temperature at set intervals to monitor storage and transport conditions. It's used in pharma, vaccine storage, hospitals, food and dairy, laboratories, warehouses and cold chain logistics to make sure products stay within the required range and to provide time-stamped records for audits and compliance.
What is the price of a temperature data logger in India?
Temperature data logger prices in India start at around ₹600 for a single-use logger. USB data loggers typically cost ₹1,500 to ₹15,000, and wireless and GPS loggers ₹5,000 to ₹25,000 or more. Validation and multi-point monitoring systems cost more, depending on accuracy and the number of sensors.
Which data logger is best for vaccines and pharma at 2–8°C?
For 2–8°C vaccine and pharma storage, choose a temperature data logger with ±0.5°C accuracy or better, a traceable calibration certificate, alarm functions and, where required, 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. Wireless loggers suit fixed refrigerators and cold rooms, while USB and GPS loggers suit shipments.
What does 21 CFR Part 11 compliance mean for data loggers?
21 CFR Part 11 is a US FDA regulation for electronic records and signatures. For data loggers, it means the software provides secure, tamper-proof records, audit trails, user access controls and electronic signatures. It's often required for pharma companies, especially those supplying regulated export markets.
What is EN 12830 certification?
EN 12830 is a European standard for temperature recorders used in the storage and transport of chilled and frozen food and other temperature-sensitive goods. An EN 12830 certified data logger meets defined requirements for accuracy, resolution and reliability.
How often should a temperature data logger be calibrated?
Most temperature data loggers are calibrated at least once a year, or as defined in your quality procedures, using an NABL-accredited lab. See our data logger calibration guide for intervals, calibration points and certificate checks.
Do these prices include GST?
The prices shown are indicative market prices excluding GST. Your final quote will show GST separately.
Which companies make temperature data loggers in India?
Indian brands listed here include Mindlabs and Tempnote (both Hyderabad), Ideabytes, G-Tek and Metravi. Global brands sold in India include Testo, Elitech, LogTag, Tempmate, Sensitech, Vaisala and Lascar.
What is the difference between a temperature data logger and a temperature recorder?
They are the same thing. "Temperature recorder" is the older term and is still used in standards such as EN 12830.
What is the minimum order quantity for single-use data loggers?
Most single-use loggers can be bought as a single unit. Prices per unit usually drop for bulk orders of 50 to 100 units or more. Tell us your monthly shipment volume for a bulk price.